silicon technical terms-3
Majority Carrier -A carrier, either a hole or an electron that is dominant in a specific region, such as electrons in an N-Type area.
Mechanical Test Wafer - A silicon wafer used for testing purposes.
Microroughness -Surface roughness with spacing between the impurities with a measurement of less than 100 μm.
Miller Indices, of a Crystallographic Plane -A system that utilizes three numbers to identify plan orientation in a crystal.
Minimal Conditions or Dimensions -The allowable conditions for determining whether or not a wafer is considered acceptable.
Minority Carrier -A carrier, either a hole or an electron that is not dominant in a specific region, such as electrons in a P-Type area.
Mound - A raised defect on the surface of a wafer measuring more than 0.25 mm.
Notch - An indent on the edge of a wafer used for orientation purposes.
Orange Peel - A roughened surface that is visible to the unaided eye.
Orthogonal Misorientation -
Particle - A small piece of material found on a wafer that is not connected with it.
Particle Counting - Wafers that are used to test tools for particle contamination.
Particulate Contamination -Particles found on the surface of a wafer. They appear as bright points when a collineated light is shined on the wafer.
Pit - A non-removable imperfection found on the surface of a wafer.
Point Defect - A crystal defect that is an impurity, such as a lattice vacancy or an interstitial atom.
Preferential Etch -
Premium Wafer -A wafer that can be used for particle counting, measuring pattern resolution in the photolithography process, and metal contamination monitoring.
This wafer has very strict specifications for a specific usage, but looser specifications than the prime wafer.
Primary Orientation Flat - The longest flat found on the wafer.
Process Test Wafer - A wafer that can be used for processes as well as area cleanliness.
Profilometer - A tool that is used for measuring surface topography.
Resistivity (Electrical) -The amount of difficulty that charged carriers have in moving throughout material.
Required - The minimum specifications needed by the customer when ordering wafers.
Roughness - The texture found on the surface of the wafer that is spaced very closely together.
Saw Marks - Surface irregularities
Scan Direction - In the flatness calculation, the direction of the subsites.
Scanner Site Flatness -
Scratch - A mark that is found on the wafer surface.
Secondary Flat -A flat that is smaller than the primary orientation flat. The position of this flat determines what type the wafer is, and also the orientation of the wafer.


